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Faculty of Engineering

GSOE9340 – Life Cycle Engineering

Assignment Two - Term 2-2025

Assignment weight: 30%

Due date: Friday, 18 July 2025 by 11:59pm

Submission: One report via Turnitin

Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to develop an understanding of the second step of

operationalizing the framework of LCE, which is the Planetary boundaries Life Cycle

Environmental Impact Assessment (Pb-LCA) of a representative product for the organisation

you have used in Assignment 1. This will increase your familiarity with how the environmental

impact and the absolute sustainability assessment are assessed and measured. As a result of

completing this assignment, you will be able to determine reference flow, input-output relations

between processes, background and foreground processes, goal and scope definition, and

environmental hotspots along the product life cycle, absolute sustainability assessment.

Task: The assignment will require week 1, 2 and 3 lectures. Therefore, you should attempt the

following tasks by using these lecture materials. In this assignment, you will use the product

you have identified, some of the results you have estimated in Assignment 1. It is expected that

you will search the internet for a relevant publication, which details the environmental impact

evaluation (LCA) of the selected product. You may search company reports and/or journals

such as International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Journal of Industry Ecology, Journal

of Cleaner Production, etc. As part of the submission, you must provide the article details in

your submission. If you have already involved in a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a product in

the past, you may use the results with proper documentation as evidence. By using the

information gathered:

1. Demonstrate the product life cycle, the reference flow, and the process flow and their Input-

outputs relation between processes as extracted from the literature and your background

knowledge. By using this, clearly explain the scope of the study, and map foreground and

background processes along to the product life cycle (5 points).

2. Based on the environmental impact assessment reference you have found, and the

information gathered in the previous steps (5 points):

a. Clearly detail the goal and scope of the study,

b. Functional unit,

c. Impact categories,

d. System boundaries,

e. Inventory analysis,

f. Impact assessment methodologies used,

g. Environmental impact databases used.

3. Provide a critical review of the information provided in questions 1 and 2 with respect to

ISO14040 and ISO14044 (10 points).

4. Identify environmental impacts (EI) and environmental hotspots and provide relevant

figures and charts to show the environmental hotspots ( You must make sure that the study

includes the CO

2eq

footprint to use for further analysis), and the total environmental

footprint in terms of CO

2eq (

3 points).

5. Then compare this with the SoS of the product with and without volume growth that you

have estimated in Assignment 1 and present it in a graphical format with an emission

variability range. It is certain that the CO

2eq

footprint estimated in this assignment will

differ from the estimated SoS values. Clearly explain the possible cause of this (4 points).

6. Estimate the Absolute Sustainability Ratio (ASR) and the ASR range on a graph and

discuss the results (3 points).

Note:

You may make assumptions if you need one after clearly stating them.

All tasks are not equal value.

Assessment Criteria:

Clearly providing and citing the used references.

Demonstrating the selected product life cycle, the reference flow, and the process flow

and their Input-outputs relation between processes.

Showing foreground and background processes along to the product life cycle.

Clearly explaining the goal and scope of the study, Functional unit, Impact categories,

System boundaries, Inventory analysis, Impact assessment methodologies used,

Environmental impact databases used.

Critical review these with respect to the ISO14040 and ISO14044

Showing environmental impact and providing relevant figures and charts to show the

environmental hotspots.

In each step, clearly showing the calculations, if any, and explaining your thought

process.