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Project1
Overview
In Project 1, our objective is to familiarize you with some fundamental
concepts within RISC-V and enable you to write basic programs using
RISC-V assembly language. In this assignment, your first task is to
implement a simple ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) that produces correct
outputs based on the provided test inputs. Following that, you are
required to utilize RISC-V to implement several straightforward programs,
such as generating odd values within a specified range and printing
simple drawings based on a bitmap.
Before you start working on this project, you need to:
Requirements
1. ALU
In general, the ALU here is a rather simple Arithmetic Logic Unit. There is
no need for instruction parsing; instead, you are only required to
implement various ALU functions corresponding to different instructions,
such as add, sub and so on. The inputs for the ALU functions come in
single forms: r1, r2, rd which specify the locations of registers of inputs
and output.
1.1 ALU Functions
You are required to support the following RISC-V instruction in your ALU.
1.2 Function Format
Review the content of RISC-V
add, sub,
and, nor, or, xor
beq, bne, slt
sll, srl, sra
The initial address of the registers, denoted as t0. As the inputs in the
"and" function are indices of a pre-existing registers, some basic address
operations are necessary.
We define t1 to represent the value of the first input, t2 for the second
input, and t4 to represent the value of t1 and t2 after undergoing certain
operations within the ALU. It means that you should do this in your
program and we will check it randomly. If you don't follow the pattern,
you will miss 50% points related to the alu task.
2.Branch
In this program, your task is to determine the odd numbers within a given
range based on the input. The process involves several "for" and "if"
operations, aiming to familiarize you with the branch operations in RISCV through the implementation of this program.
Function pseudocode
add:
lui a5,%hi(registers)
addi t0,a5,%lo(registers)
slli a0,a0,2
slli a1,a1,2
slli a2,a2,2
add t1, t0, a0
add t2, t0, a1
add t3, t0, a2
lw t1,0(t1)
lw t2,0(t2)
add t4, t1, t2
sw t4,0(t3)
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -march=rv32im -mabi=ilp32 -O3 alu.s -o
alu
./alu
In this program, you should use t0 to represent the index, t1 for i, t2 for j,
and t3 for k. Similar to the ALU program, failing to adhere to these
specifications may result in a 50% point deduction.
Hint
__floatsidf : Call the function __floatsidf . This function involves
converting an integer to a double-precision floating-point number.
sqrt : Call the sqrt function, which computes the square root of a
floating-point number.
__fixdfsi : Call the function __fixdfsi . This function likely involves
converting a double-precision floating-point number to an integer.
The statements can get the square root of i.
This instruction would calculate the remainder when the value in register
a is divided by the value in register b , and store the result in the
primes = array of integers
procedure generatePrimes(n)
index = 0
for i from 2 to n
k = integer square root of i
for j from 2 to k
if i is divisible by j
break
if j>k is true
primes[index] = i
index = index + 1
addi a0,t1,0
call __floatsidf
call sqrt
call __fixdfsi
rem a, b, result
specified destination register ( result in this case).
3.Array
In this program, you are required to read a two-dimensional array storing
a bitmap and print out the bits, thereby generating a meaningful output.
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -march=rv32im -mabi=ilp32 -O3 branch.s -o
branch -lm
./branch
unsigned char bitmap[][8] = {
{0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x40, 0x00, 0x20},
{0x08, 0x04, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x40, 0x00, 0xf0},
{0x7f, 0x78, 0x1f, 0xfc, 0x10, 0x40, 0x1f, 0x00},
{0x00, 0x40, 0x20, 0x80, 0x13, 0xf8, 0x10, 0x00},
{0x22, 0x40, 0x20, 0x80, 0x18, 0x48, 0x11, 0x00},
{0x14, 0x40, 0x40, 0x80, 0x54, 0x48, 0x21, 0x00},
{0xff, 0x7e, 0x1f, 0xf8, 0x50, 0x48, 0x21, 0x00},
{0x08, 0x48, 0x10, 0x80, 0x50, 0x48, 0x3f, 0xfc},
{0x08, 0x48, 0x10, 0x80, 0x97, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x00},
{0x7f, 0x48, 0x10, 0x80, 0x10, 0x40, 0x09, 0x20},
{0x08, 0x48, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x10, 0xa0, 0x09, 0x10},
{0x2a, 0x48, 0x00, 0x80, 0x10, 0xa0, 0x11, 0x08},
{0x49, 0x48, 0x00, 0x80, 0x11, 0x10, 0x21, 0x04},
{0x88, 0x88, 0x00, 0x80, 0x11, 0x10, 0x41, 0x04},
{0x28, 0x88, 0x00, 0x80, 0x12, 0x08, 0x05, 0x00},
{0x11, 0x08, 0x00, 0x80, 0x14, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00}
};
procedure printBitmap(size):
for i from 0 to size - 1:
for j from 0 to 7:
for k from 7 to 0 step -1:
......
In this program, you only need implement printBitmap. Besides, you
should use t0 to represent the size, t1 for i, t2 for j, and t3 for k. Failing to
adhere to these specifications may result in a 50% point deduction.
Result should be similar to
Hint
In this problem, you may need to print three kinds of character.
By checking the ascii code of characters, you will understand it.
Report
The report of this project should be no longer than 5 pages. Keep your
words concise and clear.
In your report, you should include:
li a0 10
call putchar #print '\n'
li a0 32
call putchar #print ' '
li a0 49
call putchar #print '1'
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -march=rv32im -mabi=ilp32 -O3 array.s -o
array
./array
Submission and Grading
1. Submission
You should put all of your source files (alu.s, branch.s, array.s, report.pdf)
in a folder and compress it in a zip. Name it with your student ID. Submit
it through BB. The deadline for this report is 2024/03/10. If you fail to
submit your assignment by the deadline, 10 points will be deducted from
your original mark for each day you are late, up to a maximum of 30
points. Assignments submitted more than 3 days after the deadline will
not be considered valid and will be marked as 0 points.
2. Grading Details
Implement the task about ALU - 40 %
Implement the task about odd number - 25%
Implement the task about bitmap - 25%
Report - 10%
In grading, we have more tests about tasks. Please make sure the
completeness of codes.
3. Honesty
We take your honesty seriously. If you are caught copying others' code,
you will get an automatic 0 in this project. Please write your own code.
1. Your big picture thoughts and ideas, showing us you really
understand RISC-V assembly.
2. The high level implementation ideas. i.e. how you break down the
problem into small problems, etc.
3. The implementation details. i.e. explain some special tricks used.
4. the screenshots of result